Journal of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery

Register      Login

VOLUME 4 , ISSUE 1 ( January-June, 2022 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

What Kinds of Cosmetic Appearances were Improved after Scoliosis Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Patients? A Longitudinal Long-term Postoperative 7-year Study Using Spinal Appearance Questionnaire

Wai-Wang Chau, Bobby Kin-Wah Ng

Keywords : Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Appearance, Cosmetic, Longitudinal, Spinal appearance questionnaire, Surgery

Citation Information : Chau W, Ng BK. What Kinds of Cosmetic Appearances were Improved after Scoliosis Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Patients? A Longitudinal Long-term Postoperative 7-year Study Using Spinal Appearance Questionnaire. 2022; 4 (1):1-7.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10079-1048

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 28-01-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background and aim: The primary purpose of spinal corrective surgery is to prevent scoliosis progression by spinal fusion at the regions of involvement. Patients would like to see corrections on their trunk appearance along with the spinal correction. Long-term longitudinal follow-up of cosmetic trunk appearance in surgical adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients using solely an appearance-specific questionnaire has not yet been reported. Materials and methods: All severe AIS patients operated on from the year 2014 to 2016 were recruited. They completed a spinal appearance questionnaire (SAQ) at a time point from <1 year to 6–7 years after surgery (7 time points). Spinal appearance questionnaire domain scores from the 7 time points were compared using ANOVA with multiple comparison corrections. Results: There were 76 severe AIS patients recruited, of which 74.1% were females, and the mean age at operation was 15.97. Mean”General,” “Waist,” and “Chest” SAQ domain scores were consistently scored high across the 7 time points. The “surgical scars” domain consistently scored the lowest among the nine SAQ domains. Female patients observed significantly better mean “Curve” and “Trunk shift” domain scores at 4–6 years compared with <2 years despite none found in male patients. Conclusion: Postoperative AIS patients were highly satisfied with their general appearance, waist, and chest 7 years after surgery. “Surgical scars” was persistently the least satisfied domain across the 7 years after surgery. Gender difference existed of which female patients felt significantly better on their “curves” and “trunk shift” after 4 years of surgery but the significance was not found in male patients.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Scott JC. Scoliosis: lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 7th October, 1949. Ann Royal Coll Surg Eng 1950;6(2):73–98.
  2. Cheng JC, Castelein RM, Chu WC, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2015;1(1):15030. DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.30
  3. Li L, Wang HM, Shen Y. Chinese SF-36 health survey: translation, cultural adaptation, validation, and normalisation. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2003;57(4):259–263. DOI: 10.1136/jech.57.4.259
  4. Asher M, Min Lai S, Burton D, et al. The reliability and concurrent validity of the scoliosis research society-22 patient questionnaire for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003;28(1):63–69. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200301010-00015
  5. Carreon LY, Sanders JO, Polly DW, et al. Spinal appearance questionnaire: factor analysis, scoring, reliability, and validity testing. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011;36(18):E1240–E1244. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318204f987
  6. Carreon LY, Sanders JO, Diab M, et al. Discriminative properties of the spinal appearance questionnaire compared with the scoliosis research society-22 revised. Spine Deform 2013;1(5):328–338. DOI: 10.1016/j.jspd.2013.06.001.
  7. Sanders JO, Polly DW, Cats-Baril W, et al. Analysis of patient and parent assessment of deformity in idiopathic scoliosis using the Walter Reed visual assessment scale Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003;28(18):2158–2163. DOI: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000084629.97042.0B
  8. Sanders JO, Harrast JJ, Kuklo TR, et al. The spinal appearance questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007;32(24):2719–2722. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a 5959
  9. Ng B, Chau W-W. Changes of shoulder balance, sagittal alignments, and curve correction in the treatment of Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using a three-dimensional- based correction strategy in correlation to health-related quality of life using the scoliosis research society-22 questionnaire. J Orthop Traumatol Rehabilitat 2020;12(1):6–12. DOI: 10.4103/jotr.jotr_46_19
  10. Chau W-W, Illescas V, Ng B. Correlation of curve flexibility analysis with patient health outcomes after scoliosis surgery using Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire. J Orthop Traumatol Rehabilitat 2020;12(1):42–48. DOI: 10.4103/jotr.jotr_54_19
  11. Ng BKW, Chau W-W, Hui C-N, et al. HRQoL assessment by SRS-30 for Chinese patients with surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Scoliosis 2015;10(Suppl 2):S19–S19. DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-10-S2-S19
  12. Chau WW, Ng BK, Hung AL. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients from surgery to after 30 years using SRS-22 questionnaire. Spine Deform 2020;8(5):951–956. DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00132-2
  13. Chau W-W, Hung AL-H. Changes in health-related quality of life(HRQOL) of a specific group of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)patients who came across both bracing and surgery. Spine Deform 2020;8(5):951–956. DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00132-2
  14. Available at: https://aisq.ort.cuhk.edu.hk.
  15. Guo J, Lau AHY, Chau J, et al. A validation study on the traditional Chinese version of spinal appearance questionnaire for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 2016;25(10):3186–3193. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4590-5
  16. Lee JS, Lee DH, Suh KT, et al. Validation of the Korean version of the scoliosis research society-22 questionnaire. Eur Spine J 2011;20(10):1751–1756. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011- 1872-9
  17. Rosendo MGA, Rangel TAM, Pereira AFF, et al. Cultural adaptation and validation for Portuguese of the spinal appearance questionnaire. Coluna/Columna 2016;15(3):171–174. DOI: 10.1590/S1808-185120161503163067
  18. Simony A, Carreon LY, Hansen KH, et al. Reliability and validity testing of a Danish translated version of spinal appearance questionnaire (SAQ) v 1.1. Spine Deform 2016;4(2):94–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.jspd.2015.08.007
  19. Wei X, Zhu X, Bai Y, et al. Development of the simplified Chinese version of the spinal appearance questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties evaluation. Spine 2012;37(17):1497–1504. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182407e25
  20. Roy-Beaudry M, Beauséjour M, Joncas J, et al. Validation and clinical relevance of a French-Canadian version of the spinal appearance questionnaire in adolescent patients. Spine 2011;36(9):746–751. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e040e7
  21. Fanid MA, Yapar D, Yapar A, et al. The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the spinal appearance questionnaire for congenital scoliosis patients over 10 years old. Spine Deform 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s43390-021-00356-w
  22. Zapata KA, Jo C, Carreon LY, et al. Reliability and validity of a kyphosis-specific spinal appearance questionnaire. Spine Deform 2021;9(4):933–939. DOI: 10.1007/s43390-021-00292-9
  23. Savvides P, Gerdhem P, Grauers A, et al. Self- experienced trunk appearance in individuals with and without idiopathic scoliosis Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020;45(8):522–527. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003308
  24. Misterska E, Glowacki J, Kołban M. Does rigid spinal orthosis carry more psychosocial implications than the flexible brace in AIS patients? A cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskele Rehabilitat 2019;32(1):101–109. DOI: 10.3233/BMR-181121
  25. Theologis AA, Crawford M, Diab M. Ethnic variation in satisfaction and appearance concerns in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation. Spine Deform 2018;6(2):148–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.jspd.2017.07.003
  26. Westrick ER, Ward WT. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: 5-year to 20-year evidence-based surgical results. J Pediat Orthop 2011;31(1 Suppl):S61–S68. DOI: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181fd87d5
  27. Misterska E, Głowacki M, Harasymczuk J. Assessment of spinal appearance in female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated operatively. Med Sci Monit 2011;17(7):CR404–CR410. DOI: 10.12659/msm.881852
  28. Newton PO, Upasani VV, Lhamby J, et al. Surgical treatment of main thoracic scoliosis with thoracoscopic anterior instrumentation. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91(Suppl 2):233–248. DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00368
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.